K21: Gastro-esophageal reflux disease

K21 refers to Gastro-esophageal reflux disease, a group of upper gastrointestinal disorders that include inflammation, ulcers, reflux, or structural abnormalities affecting the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum. These conditions can significantly affect digestion, nutrition, and quality of life.

Symptoms

• Heartburn and acid regurgitation – Hallmarks of GERD (K21)
• Upper abdominal pain – Seen in gastritis (K29) or ulcers (K25–K28)
• Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) – Associated with esophagitis (K20) or structural disorders (K22)
• Nausea and bloating – Common in functional dyspepsia (K30)
• Bleeding or black stools – May indicate ulcer complications
• Indigestion and early satiety – Frequently reported in K29 or K31

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Gastro-esophageal reflux disease involves endoscopy, pH monitoring, H. pylori testing, barium swallow, and sometimes gastric emptying studies. Identifying the precise site and cause of irritation or ulceration guides treatment.

ICD10 Code Usage

ICD10 code K21 is used by gastroenterologists, primary care physicians, and internists. It supports billing for endoscopic procedures, acid suppression therapies, dietary counseling, and surgical interventions when needed.

Related Codes

• K20 – Esophagitis
• K22 – Other diseases of esophagus
• K23 – Disorders of esophagus in diseases classified elsewhere
• K25 – Gastric ulcer
• K26 – Duodenal ulcer
• K27 – Peptic ulcer, site unspecified
• K28 – Gastrojejunal ulcer
• K29 – Gastritis and duodenitis
• K30 – Functional dyspepsia
• K31 – Other diseases of stomach and duodenum

FAQs

Q1: What is ICD10 code K21?
A: It refers to Gastro-esophageal reflux disease, an upper GI disorder involving inflammation, ulceration, reflux, or motility issues in the esophagus or stomach.

Q2: How is GERD (K21) different from esophagitis (K20)?
A: GERD is a chronic reflux condition, while esophagitis refers to inflammation of the esophagus, often caused by GERD, infection, or pills.

Q3: Are gastric ulcers (K25) and duodenal ulcers (K26) treated the same?
A: Yes—both are treated with acid suppressants and H. pylori eradication, but their locations differ anatomically.

Q4: What is functional dyspepsia (K30)?
A: It's a diagnosis made when no structural cause is found for chronic indigestion or discomfort after eating.

Q5: Who manages these GI disorders?
A: Gastroenterologists, internists, and primary care providers often collaborate on treatment and follow-up.

Conclusion

ICD10 code K21 is vital for diagnosing and managing Gastro-esophageal reflux disease, enabling personalized treatment plans and accurate documentation in gastrointestinal care settings.